derstanding ADHD: A Psychologist’s Perspective
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition often misunderstood. Psychologists see ADHD as more than hyperactivity or inattention; it involves difficulties with executive functions like planning, organizing, and self-regulation. The prefrontal cortex, responsible for these functions, displays differences in individuals with ADHD, and neurotransmitter imbalances, particularly in dopamine and norepinephrine, contribute to symptoms.
Core Symptoms and Diagnosis
ADHD manifests in three types:
- Inattentive: Struggles with focus, organization, and forgetfulness.
- Hyperactive-Impulsive: Constant movement, impulsivity, and difficulty waiting turns.
- Combined: A mix of both categories.
Diagnosis requires a thorough evaluation across multiple settings, incorporating clinical interviews and behavior assessments.
Impact and Management
ADHD affects academics, work, relationships, and emotional control. Co-occurring conditions like anxiety and depression are common. Treatment involves medication, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), behavioral therapy, executive function coaching, mindfulness, and parent training.
ADHD Over Time
ADHD persists into adulthood, impacting work and relationships. With proper interventions, individuals can harness their strengths, such as creativity and enthusiasm, to succeed. A supportive approach helps them thrive and reduces stigma around the disorder.